Formed in 2023, Austen Hays acts on group litigation related to data breaches and professional negligence claims. Practice head Chaya Hanoomanjee brings experience in class actions in the automotive sector.
Group litigation: Claimant in London
Austen Hays
Responsables de la pratique:
Chaya Hanoomanjee
Principaux dossiers
Johnson Law Group
Jointly led by Pete Gallagher and Jamie Patton, Johnson Law Group acts on automotive group actions and has greatly expanded its practice with the addition of five partners in September and December of 2025.
Responsables de la pratique:
Pete Gallagher; Jamie Patton
Principaux clients
Pan-NOx Emissions Group Litigation
Mercedes Benz NOx Emissions Group Litigation
Ford NOx Emissions Group Litigation
Renault/Nissan NOx Emissions Group Litigation
Peugeot- Citroën NOx Emissions Group Litigation
BMW NOx Emissions Group Litigation
Hyundai/Kia NOx Emissions Group Litigation
JLR NOx Emissions Group Litigation
Vauxhall NOx Emissions Group Litigation
Volvo NOx Emissions Group Litigation
JLR DPF Group Litigation
easyJet Data Breach Group Litigation
Principaux dossiers
- Represents hundreds of thousands of individual claimants, bringing over 340,000 claims in nine different group litigations in the Pan-NOx Litigations.
- Acting for tens of thousands of vehicle owners in High Court proceedings under a Group Litigation Order concerning alleged defects in DPF systems.
- Acting for tens of thousands of individuals in prospective High Court proceedings concerning a data breach which occurred in May 2020, affecting millions of customers. The claims are advanced against easyJet for alleged breaches of easyJet’s obligations under the GDPR and UK Data Protection Act 2018.
Hausfeld & Co LLP
Regarded as ‘a market leader in claimant group litigation’, Hausfeld & Co LLP regularly acts for class representatives in opt-out competition class actions, particularly in relation to abuse of dominance claims. With a broader network of offices across Europe, the firm acts in disputes across various jurisdictions, particularly on mandates in the tech, automotive, finance and aviation sectors. Praised for her ‘razor-sharp legal brain’, practice head Nicola Boyle specialises in damages recovery and collective redress matters. Lesley Hannah focuses on claims in the tech sphere, with experience representing claimants against major tech giants. Anthony Maton is an expert in private enforcement and acts in appellate-level litigation. Scott Campbell advises on cartel damages claims in the automotive and tech sectors. Belinda Hollway, who advises classes of businesses in damages litigation, joined the team from Scott + Scott in June 2025.
Responsables de la pratique:
Nicola Boyle
Autres avocats clés:
Lesley Hannah; Anthony Maton; Luke Streatfeild; Joanna Christoforou; Daniel Hunt; Jonothan Broadbent; Scott Campbell; Belinda Hollway
Principaux clients
Which? (the Consumers’ Association)
Former Inquiry Chair at the Competition and Markets Authority
More than 4,500 assignors from 37 European countries and partnerships with various associations, insurers and professional organisations in France and the Netherlands.
Over 7,000 Spanish dairy farmers
Businesses and tens of thousands of individuals who have purchased or leased affected Mercedes diesel vehicles installed with illegal ‘defeat devices’ whichimpactedthe emissions of their vehicles.
Justin Le Patourel A&A Class Representative Limited
Principaux dossiers
- Acted for the class representative in Kent v Apple in the first trial against a tech giant for a claim brought under the CAT collective regime for 7 weeks in January and February 2025.
- Secured a win for London Array in its follow-on cartel damages claim in the Competition Appeal Tribunal.
KP Law
‘An excellent team of very capable and highly collaborative lawyers’, KP Law regularly acts in collective proceedings involving classes of consumers and employees numbering in the tens of thousands. The firm covers a wide range of sector disputes, including automotive, pharmaceutical, financial services and retail. Practice head Andrew Nugent Smith focuses on consumer claims, product liability and equal pay. Tom Longstaff is experienced in consumer safety and environmental group actions, while Emma Birch advises on sex discrimination claims and employment disputes. Carter Young is involved in the ongoing trend of automotive emissions class actions and equal pay disputes. In September 2025, Hannah Sharp and Ian Bailey joined the team from Rosling King and Maurice Blackburn Lawyers respectively.
Responsables de la pratique:
Andrew Nugent Smith
Autres avocats clés:
Hannah Wright Jones; Kingsley Hayes; Tom Longstaff; Emma Birch; Carter Young; Lesley-Ann Ainsworth
Principaux clients
3M Military Hearing Loss claimants
Arnold Clark data breach claimants
Asda workers’ rights claimants
Capita data breach claimants
EasyJet data breach claimants
Equiniti data breach claimants
Harrods historic sexual abuse clients
JLR emissions claimants
Johnson & Johnson Talc claimants
Mercedes-Benz emissions claimants
Police Federation of England and Wales data breach claimants
Renault / Nissan emissions claimants
Sainsbury’s workers’ rights claimants
Vauxhall emissions claimants
Marks & Spencer data breach claimants
Co-op data breach claimants
Legal Aid Agency data breach claimants
Binance mis-selling claimants
Principaux dossiers
- Acting for around 4,000 claimants in the UK’s largest pharmaceutical group action against Johnson & Johnson, seeking damages of up to £5 billion linked to asbestos-contaminated talcum powder.
- Acting for over 50,000 Mercedes-Benz drivers in group litigation valued at £1 billion and anticipated to be the UK’s largest diesel emissions case.
- Acting for around 40,000 Tesco employees in an equal pay claim, potentially worth £500 million, forming part of wider litigation that could cost Tesco £4 billion.
Leigh Day
The ‘absolutely first-class’ team at Leigh Day specialises in advising claimants in a wide range of class actions, from employment and consumer cases to environmental claims. The firm acts for classes of claimants based across the globe, including a number of Brazilian communities in contamination claims. These groups often comprise tens of thousands of individuals and bring claims arising from issues in the retail, automotive and oil and gas sectors. The ‘calm and persuasive’ Martyn Day represents claimants in cases where parent company liability and jurisdiction are in dispute. Richard Meeran advises on health & safety and environmental claims, while Sapna Malik is an expert in human rights litigation. Experienced before the Supreme Court, Dan Leader focuses on environmental and human rights law litigation.
Responsables de la pratique:
Sapna Malik; Richard Meeran; Gene Matthews; Tessa Gregory; Emma Satyamurti; Nigel Mackay; Sally Moore
Autres avocats clés:
Martyn Day; Oliver Holland; Matthew Renshaw; Dan Leader
Principaux clients
Stade de France group claim
Diesel emissions group litigation
The Ogale and Bille Communities, Nigeria
Kabwe lead poisoning class action
Villagers of Fort Dauphin/Taolagnaro Communities
Residents Newcastle-under-Lyme
Current and former employees of McDonald’s
GMB members working at various local authorities
Addison Lee drivers
Principaux dossiers
- Representing more than 1,300 affected supporters, including Hillsborough survivors, in what is believed to be the first consumer group action of its kind brought against UEFA.
- Acting in claims for compensation against Audi, BMW, Citroen, Ford, Jaguar Land Rover, Mercedes, Nissan/Renault, Peugeot, Porsche, Seat, Skoda, Vauxhall, VW, Volvo and others brought on behalf of over 1.2 million vehicle owners, and constituting the largest ever consumer group action in the UK.
- Representing thousands of residents of the River Wye Valley in relation to a potential group action relating to the phosphorous pollution of the River Wye in West England and Wales caused by sewage pollution and intensive poultry farming.
Milberg London
‘Exceptionally knowledgeable and technically strong’, Milberg London is active in large-scale class actions within the automotive sectors, representing classes of over 100,000 consumers. The firm notably advises on emissions claims against leading vehicle manufacturers and in defect disputes, and more broadly, the firm acts in the tech and digital markets sectors. James Oldnall, an expert in financial markets and data protection, manages the practice alongside Edward Cardington, who focuses on emissions litigation. Natasha Pearman, ‘a superb strategist and a strong team player’, regularly acts on opt-out collective actions. Polly Blenkin advises on group litigation that raises issues of fraud. Zena Prodromou focuses on opt-out tech claims, advising on the certification stage. Oliver Lawson adds to the firm’s strength in emissions litigation.
Responsables de la pratique:
James Oldnall; Edward Cardington
Autres avocats clés:
Natasha Pearman; Polly Blenkin; Gavin Lubczanski; Hadley Zielonka; Katherine Silverleaf
Principaux dossiers
- Advising 70,000 consumers in a claim against Mercedes for diesel emissions cheating.
- Acting on behalf of 36,000 motorists in a claim against Jaguar Land Rover for defective components in a range of popular diesel models, including Range Rover and Land Rover Discovery.
- Acting on behalf of the Class Representative, commenced opt-out collective proceedings against Sony on behalf of 8.9 million UK consumers in August 2022, in relation to alleged abusive conduct concerning the distribution of digital PlayStation games and in-game content.
Stewarts Law LLP
‘A firm with quality at all levels’, Stewarts Law LLP advises on group litigation in the financial services sector, brought under s. 90 FSMA. The firm is also experienced in abuse of dominance actions and professional negligence claims against tech companies, financial institutions and investment banks. Kate Pollock acts in class actions comprised of businesses regarding cartel and abuse of dominance matters. David Pickstone is an expert in group litigation regarding tax and EU law. Keith Thomas focuses on securities litigation, with experience advising sovereign wealth funds, life insurers and pensions funds. Acting in Court of Appeal proceedings, Aaron Le Marquer represents policyholders in insurance class actions. Inge Forster is involved in consumer class actions in the automotive and digital markets sectors.
Responsables de la pratique:
Kate Pollock; David Pickstone; Keith Thomas; Aaron Le Marquer
Autres avocats clés:
Inge Forster
Principaux clients
Liberty Retail Ltd
Arena Racing Limited
London International Exhibition Centre plc
Principaux dossiers
- Acting for Alexander, the proposed class representative, in a multi-billion class action claim against Microsoft concerning software licensing.
- Advising the London International Exhibition Centre plc in a test case on the issue of causation in ‘at the premises’ disease clauses.
- Acting against British American Tobacco Plc for institutional investors in securities claims under both s.90 and s.90A/schedule 10A of FSMA involving concealment of a North Korean cigarette operation that led to breaches of UN and US sanctions, including breaches of weapons of mass destruction legislation.
Fox Williams LLP
Specialising in claimant-side securities litigation, Fox Williams LLP acts against leading trading, energy and retail companies on a range of cases, including stock-drop claims. The firm is also experienced at handling claims relating to market disclosures, governance failures and financial misconduct. Practice head Andrew Hill advises institutional investors in overstatement and bribery cases. ‘Extremely strong on the details and very commercial’, Matthew Reach adds to the firm’s securities strength. Anisha Patel focuses on corporate accountability and investor stewardship issues in securities litigation. Conrad Palejowski excels in civil fraud proceedings, including in cases raising allegations of deceit and breach of duty.
Responsables de la pratique:
Andrew Hill
Autres avocats clés:
Matthew Reach; Anisha Patel; Conrad Palejowski
Principaux dossiers
- Advised institutional investors on the development and preparation of a proposed £4.5 billion securities misstatement claim against British American Tobacco under sections 90 and 90A of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.
- Advising over 50 institutional investors on a £140 million securities litigation group action against Boohoo Group plc under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.
- Advised over 50 institutional investors on securities litigation claims against Entain plc under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.
Harcus Parker Limited
Experienced in contingency fee cases and involving non-traditional funders, Harcus Parker Limited is a boutique collective action firm that advises on financial services, consumer, competition and employment claims. The firm is regularly involved in cases heard before the Court of Appeal and the Court of Justice of the European Union. ‘Unrivalled in his strategic knowledge’, Damon Parker heads the practice, focusing on financial services and consumer claims. Adam Zoubir specialises in claims within the education sector brought on behalf of students, while Thomas Ross acts on competition class actions. Jeremy Robinson is experienced in opt-in proceedings within the financial services sector.
Responsables de la pratique:
Damon Parker
Autres avocats clés:
Tom Ross; Jeremy Robinson; Daniel Kerrigan; Olivia Selley; Nate Barber; Adam Zoubir
Principaux clients
The Universities Student Claim: UCL
Tesco Equal Pay
Commercial and Interregional Card Claims I and II Limited
Mortgage Prisoner Claims: Whistletree
Mortgage Prisoner Claims: Landmark / NRAM / Topaz
Payment Protection Insurance Aggregated Claims
The Universities Student Claim: Other Universities
Principaux dossiers
- Representing over 200,000 students in claims against their universities regarding the impacts on their education caused by strikes and the COVID-19 pandemic, and successfully negotiating settlement in respect of claims against UCL in 2026.
- Representing several thousand residential mortgage borrowers in claims against lenders for being forced into mortgages with excessively high rates of interest.
- Representing 16,000 current and former Tesco workers bringing claims for equal pay.
Mishcon de Reya LLP
Praised by clients for its ‘outstanding partners’, Mishcon de Reya LLP is active in a wide range of group actions, including opt-in and opt-out, against large international companies. The firm advises on data breaches, financial services, environmental and consumer litigation along the full life cycle of a case. Regularly appearing before the CAT, members of the team are experienced in competition proceedings concerning cartel claims. The practice is led by Richard Leedham, who specialises in insurance litigation, and Sarah Houghton, a competition lawyer who advises consumers and companies in group actions. Ben Lasserson focuses on private enforcement litigation across Europe. Shazia Yamin advises on product liability litigation in the automotive industry.
Responsables de la pratique:
Richard Leedham; Sarah Houghton
Autres avocats clés:
Ben Lasserson; Shazia Yamin; Pedro Martins; Tomas Mousinho
Principaux clients
Various individual claimants against the Serasa Experian Group
ClientEarth
Mums for Lungs C.I.C.
Various investors in the shares of Indivior plc and Reckitt Benckiser Group plc
University of Oxford (representing 36 Oxford colleges)
Various institutional investors in the shares of Drax Group Plc
Sainsbury’s Supermarkets Ltd
Asda, Curry’s, Iceland
The John Lewis Partnership
Wilko Limited
Principaux dossiers
- Acting for over 300 investors in the shares of Indivior plc and Reckitt Benckiser Group plc in a s.90/90A FSMA claim against the two companies for losses caused by alleged misconduct in relation to the marketing in the US of a drug known as Suboxone.
- Acting on behalf of thousands of Brazilian nationals affected by one of the largest data leaks in history, whereby the confidential personal data relating to more than 200 million Brazilian people was put up for sale on the dark web.
- Acting in claims against Uber for losses sustained as a result of Uber’s unlawful activities in the London market.
Pogust Goodhead
‘An extraordinarily capable team’, Pogust Goodhead advises on environmental litigation cases across the world, with particular strength in cases involving Brazilian law. The team is also active in consumer, data breach and human rights litigation. Alicia Alinia advises on product liability litigation. Anna Varga advises on consumer actions within the automotive industry. Tom Ainsworth is experienced representing clients, which includes large classes of claimants, in appellate-level litigation.
Responsables de la pratique:
Alicia Alinia; Anna Varga; Gemma Anderson; Caroline Narvaez Leite; Tom Ainsworth; Rafaela Conte; Oliver Shipway; Erika Saluzzo; Greg Lewis; Melissa Ferrari
Principaux clients
Municipality of Mariana
Victims of the Fundão tailings dam disaster
Municipality of Brumadinho
Municipality of Mário Campos
Victims of the Brumadinho dam collapse
Stichting Açõesdo Rio Doce
Cainquiama
Victims of the aluminium production contamination in Barcarena and Abaetetuba (Brazil)
Victims of the Maceió land subsidence disaster
Brazilian Association of Citrus Growers
Principaux dossiers
- Advising on a group action over the Mariana dam disaster.
- Acting as joint lead solicitor for the steering committee in the UK Dieselgate (PanNOx) litigation, the consumer environmental liability claim brought before the High Court of England and Wales.
- Acting in the group proceedings over a catastrophic environmental disaster in Brumadinho.
Edwin Coe LLP
Praised for its ability ‘to handle complex large-scale litigation’, Edwin Coe LLP covers a broad range of class action litigation, advising on cartel and consumer credit claims as well as mass torts. The firm is also experienced in financial services sector claims and shareholder claims. Alex Shirtcliff, who leads the team, is recommended for his expertise in cryptocurrency matters. ‘A great sounding board’, David Greene regularly represents large classes of individuals against companies in competition cases, appearing before the CAT and the High Court. With experience in judicial reviews, Zahira Hussain advises on financial services litigation.
Responsables de la pratique:
Alexander Shirtcliff
Autres avocats clés:
Zahira Hussain; Fred Sheppard; Valerie Sweeting; David Greene
Principaux clients
110 purchasers of Italian holiday property
400 TUI cruise customers
Investors in Finablr plc
Consumers in claims against Barclays Bank for fraud relating to timeshares
Victims of the Hillsborough Disaster and cover-up
Creditors of The Interchange Organisation
Amigo Loans
Pensioners receiving compensation from the Pension Protection Fund
Principaux dossiers
- Advising a group of 140 claimants in relation to their claim for damages and interest against various truck manufacturers, following a finding by the European Commission of a price-fixing cartel.
- Acting on a claim by 400 TUI customers in relation to a cancelled cruise in the Caribbean.
- Acting in a mass claim for mis-selling of time share and the liability of lenders under the Consumer Credit Act.
Hugh James
With ‘excellent strength in depth’, Hugh James is experienced in obtaining group litigation orders, from industrial disease and product liability claims to consumer and environmental claims. The firm also acts in opt-out competition class actions concerning abuse of dominance and anti-competitive behaviour. The team is jointly headed by Neil Stockdale, who advises on employment and environmental actions, and Mark Harvey, who focuses on product liability. Gwen Morgan-Evans is experienced before the Court of Appeal, acting in environmental professional negligence and personal injury claims.
Responsables de la pratique:
Neil Stockdale; Mark Harvey
Autres avocats clés:
Stephanie Eedy; James Gibson; Simon Ellis; Gwen Morgan-Evans
Principaux clients
Cohort of Calea claimants
Principaux dossiers
- Acting as lead solicitor in litigation involving over 35,000 serving members of the armed forces in relation to claims for noise-induced hearing loss.
- Acting for a group of South African residents who allege that they suffer with mesothelioma because of environmental exposure to asbestos waste from mines operated by a South African subsidiary of an English-domiciled parent company.
- Acting for a group in a claim involving the harm caused by the disruption in the supply of life-sustaining nutrition to patients.
Irwin Mitchell
Fielding a team of ‘outstanding and immensely hard-working partners and associates’, Irwin Mitchell regularly advises on group claims concerning medical negligence and travel illness claims. The firm also advises clients from across the globe on product liability, employment and professional negligence claims. Sallie Booth is experienced in claims involving foreign jurisdictions and in claims within the healthcare sector. Tim Annett is an expert in medical negligence, product liability and clinical trials. Jatinder Paul advises personal injury claimants in cases before the Supreme Court.
Responsables de la pratique:
Tim Annett; Sallie Booth; David Johnston-Keay; Jatinder Paul; Tom Fletcher; Demetrius Danas
Principaux clients
Camp LeJeune Litigation
Boeing 737 Claims
Trans-Vaginal Mesh Litigation
Zimmer Biomet NexGen knee implants
Military Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Royal Papworth water contamination
Stichting Victmes des Dechets Toxiques Côte d’Ivoire
British Steel Coke Oven Workers Litigation
Dana Air Flight 0992
Principaux dossiers
Stephenson Harwood
Stephenson Harwood advises clients across the group litigation space, specialising in competition, securities, consumer and data protection claims. The firm’s recent work includes opt-out collective actions in the tech and digital markets space. Practice head Genevieve Quierin specialises in private enforcement actions before the CAT. Tim Knight acts for clients in securities claims brought under s. 90 and s. 90A of the FSMA. Adam Polonsky is particularly noted for his work on the MasterCard compensation claim.
Responsables de la pratique:
Genevieve Quierin
Autres avocats clés:
Tim Knight; Adam Polonsky
Principaux clients
Association of Consumer Support Organisations Ltd
Rocco Forte Hotels
The Bed and Breakfast Association
Bet365
Intercontinental Hotels Group
Vodafone Three
Wagamama
Levi Strauss
Marks and Spencer
Asda Stores Limited
WM Morrisons Supermarkets Limited
Aldi Stores
The Co-operative Group
Iceland Foods
Ocado Retail Limited
Foot Locker
Sony Interactive
Principaux dossiers
- Represented over 1,900 corporate claimants within the hospitality, leisure, retail, arts, ticketing, online betting, financial services and several other sectors in group claims brought against Visa to recover losses incurred as a result of unlawful Multilateral Interchange Fees set by Visa on every Visa card transaction processed by our clients.
- Acting for 7 of the UK’s largest supermarkets in pursuing a claim for damages arising from an alleged cartel in the market for farmed Atlantic salmon.
- Representing ACSO in proposed opt-out collective proceedings against Amazon on behalf of a class of more than 45 million UK consumers relating to Amazon’s price parity policies.
Fladgate LLP
Fladgate LLP represents companies and individuals across group litigation, including stand-alone and follow-on proceedings. The firm has particular expertise in securities litigation under s. 90 and s. 90A of the FSMA. The team is led by John Evans, who acts on securities and environmental cases. Garbhan Shanks focuses on insurance and reinsurance, while Leigh Callaway specialises cyber and post-M&A disputes. Nadia Osbourne regularly acts on cross-border group actions as well as CAT litigation.
Responsables de la pratique:
John Evans
Autres avocats clés:
Garbhan Shanks; Leigh Callaway; Nadia Osborne; Steven Mash
Principaux clients
RGL Management Ltd
Principaux dossiers
- Represented over 100 English and Welsh personal search companies in a complex group litigation claim before the High Court to recover payments made to the ten water and sewerage utility companies in England and Wales.
- Acted for a group of over 900 SME claimants in High Court proceedings against Clydesdale Bank and National Australia Bank alleging Deceit, Misrepresentation, Negligent Misstatement, Breach of Contract and Unjust Enrichment, which was due to be heard before the Court of Appeal in June 2025 (but settled shortly beforehand).
- Acting for RGL Management in a group action representing claimants seeking restitution for secret commissions paid by energy companies to the independent power brokers instructed by businesses to find the best electricity and gas prices.
Humphries Kerstetter LLP
Bringing ‘a real level of strategic thinking and pragmatism’, Humphries Kerstetter LLP acts in group competition litigation for a range of classes concerning anti-competitive practices. The firm also advises on data breach disputes, as well as litigation involving the financial services sector. Practice head Toby Starr is noted for his track record in financial mis-selling and data privacy claims. Harriet Bush acts in shareholder disputes and class actions concerning financial services. Sinead O’Brien advises on tech and insurance disputes before the CAT and High Court.
Responsables de la pratique:
Toby Starr
Autres avocats clés:
Harriet Bush; Sinead O’Brien
Principaux clients
Ad Tech Collective Action LLP
Katch Fund Solutions SA
c.500 Blackmore Bond investors
Connexity, Inc.
Principaux dossiers
- Acting for Ad Tech Collective Action LLP in opt-out collective proceedings against Google in the CAT relating to alleged anti-competitive conduct in online advertising affecting around 130,000 publishers.
- Acting for litigation funder Katch Fund Solutions SA as a third party in large-scale motor finance litigation initially made by HSBC UK Bank Plc and Marks & Spencer Financial Services Plc on 19 May 2025, then by further financial institution defendants in the proceedings.
- Acting for a group of approximately 500 bondholders to pursue claims on their behalf arising out of the collapse of a property investment company.
Penningtons Manches Cooper LLP
Praised for its ‘depth and breadth of experience’, Penningtons Manches Cooper LLP regularly advises on insurance-related group actions. The firm is experienced at all levels of litigation, acting for clients before the Court of Appeal and Supreme Court. The team is led by three lawyers: Kamran Rehman, who heads the wider commercial dispute resolution department; David Niven, who specialises in group professional negligence claims; and David O’Brien, an adviser on financial mis-selling, securities and insurance claims. Michael Brown focuses on banking litigation.
Responsables de la pratique:
Kamran Rehman; David Niven; David O’Brien
Autres avocats clés:
Michael Brown; Charlotte Hill
Principaux clients
Former clients of Williams & Co Solicitors
Various NFU Mutual policyholders
Various Hiscox policyholders
Various RSA policyholders
Various Covéa policyholders
Principaux dossiers
- Represents over 150 claimants in two major professional negligence actions against Williams & Co arising from failed hotel investments linked to Northern Powerhouse Developments.
- Acting on commercial court group action proceedings against NFU Mutual on behalf of 63 policyholders (over 100 separate businesses) in relation to unpaid Covid-19 business interruption claims.
- Acted for 43 claimants at trial in professional negligence group action proceedings against an architect, including upheld allegations of fraudulent misrepresentation and deceit, in respect of falsely certified certificates of practical completion for an off-plan property investment scheme.